Initial Child Protection Conferences
Scope of this chapter
Timescale: Where a Section 47 Enquiry determines that an Initial Child Protection Conference should be held, the Conference must be held within a maximum of 15 days of the Strategy Discussion or where more than one has taken place, of the Strategy Discussion at which the Section 47 Enquiry was initiated.
The urgency of the situation, however, may dictate that the timescale is shorter.
In the time between the conclusion of the Section 47 Enquiry and the Initial Child Protection Conference, an interim plan must be agreed with clear roles and responsibilities, based on the outcome of the Section 47 Enquiry, in order to ensure that the child is protected until the Conference is held. This plan should be included in the Lead Practitioner’s report to the Initial Child Protection Conference and form the outline of any resulting Child Protection Plan.
In exceptional circumstances where there is a delay, the reasons for the delay must be agreed by the Children’s Social Care Manager and the Conference Chair and clearly recorded by all.
Related guidance
- Child Protection Review Conferences
- Electronic and Digital Recording of Meetings and Conversations
- Child Protection Conferences: Guidance for Partner Agencies on the Use, Recording, Dissemination and Handling of Police Information
Amendment
This chapter was updated in December 2024 with new guidance from Working Together to Safeguard Children around purpose and function of Child Protection Conferences and the role of the Lead Practitioner.
To bring together and analyse, in a multi-agency and multi-disciplinary meeting, all relevant information and plan how best to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child and protect them from harm. It is the responsibility of the conference to make recommendations on how organisations and agencies work together to safeguard the child in future. Practitioners and parents should be provided with clear and accurate information about the conference process to support effective planning. All practitioners should approach the work with parents and carers in line with the principles set out in chapter 1 of the guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children.
Conference tasks include:
- Appointing a lead statutory body (either local authority children’s social care or NSPCC) and a Lead Practitioner, who should be experienced and an employee of the lead statutory body;
- Identifying membership of the core group of practitioners and family members who will develop and implement the child protection plan;
- Establishing timescales for meetings of the core group, production of a child protection plan and for child protection review meetings;
- Agreeing an outline child protection plan, with clear actions and timescales, including a clear sense of how much improvement is needed, by when, so that success can be judged clearly.
Conferences should routinely seek to establish / confirm the nationality and immigration status of children and families. This will ensure that, where required, families can be signposted for immigration advice and support. Furthermore, if as EU / EEA nationals they have been granted pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme - it will ensure practitioners can also support them to apply for settled status at the point at which they accrue 5 years' continuous residence in the UK (see Switch from pre settled status to settled status (GOV.UK)).
An Initial Child Protection Conference must be convened when it is believed that a child may continue to suffer or to be at risk of suffering Significant Harm.
The conference must consider all the children in the household, even if concerns are only being expressed about one child. Where consideration is given to a child or children not being the subject of a conference, the reasons must be clearly stated in the Lead Practitioner’s report.
The Children’s Social Care Manager is responsible for authorising the decision to convene an Initial Child Protection Conference and the reasons for calling the conference must be recorded.
Where a senior manager from another agency requests that an Initial Child Protection Conference is convened, this request will be given serious consideration by the relevant Children’s Social Care Manager and a response will be given in writing. Where any issue of professional difference is not resolved, see Resolving Professional Differences/Escalation Policy.
The Initial Child Protection Conference should take place within 15 working days of the:
- Strategy Discussion or where more than one has taken place, of the Strategy Discussion at which the Section 47 Enquiry was initiated; or
- Written notification by another local authority that a child subject to a Child Protection Plan has moved into the area.
In the exceptional circumstance of complex enquiries or pre-birth assessments, the Initial Child Protection Conference may be delayed.
Any such delay must have written authorisation from the Team Manager of the Children’s Social Care team (including reasons for the delay) who must arrange to notify all relevant agencies of the delay and ensure that risks to the child are monitored and an interim plan is in place to safeguard the child.
The conference chair:
- Is accountable to the Director of Children’s Services, where possible the same person should chair subsequent child protection reviews;
- Should be a practitioner, independent of operational and/or line management responsibilities for the case;
- Should meet the child and parents in advance to ensure they understand the issues, the purpose, the process, and possible outcomes of the conference;
- Should be prepared to answer questions openly;
- Should approach the work with parents and carers in line with the principles set out in chapter 1 of the guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children;
- Should consider whether members of the family network should attend and participate in the conference;
- Should ensure all participants are encouraged to contribute views independently.
Lead practitioners should:
- Convene, attend, and present information about the reason for the conference, their understanding of the child’s needs, parental capacity, family and environmental context (including extra-familial contexts), and evidence of how the child has been abused, neglected, or exploited and its impact on their health and development;
- Analyse the information to enable informed decisions about what action is necessary to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child who is the subject of the conference;
- Share the conference information with the child and family beforehand (where appropriate);
- Prepare a report for the conference on the child and family which sets out and analyses what is known about the child and family and the local authority’s recommendation;
- Record conference decisions and recommendations and ensure action follows.
All involved practitioners should:
- Work together to safeguard the child from harm in the future, taking timely, effective action according to the plan agreed;
- Attend and present information about their understanding or the child’s needs, parental capacity, family, and environmental factors (including extra-familial contexts) and evidence of how the child has been abused, neglected, or exploited and its impact on their health and development;
- Bring their agency perspective, expertise and challenge and contribute to decisions about actual or likely significant harm and actions to address by contributing to the plan to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child who is the subject of the conference.
Safeguarding partners should:
- Monitor the effectiveness of child protection conference arrangements.
See Section 7, Enabling Parental Participation.
See Section 9, Enabling Children's Participation.
The conference should consist of the smallest number of people consistent with effective case management, but the following should normally be invited:
- Parents and those with Parental Responsibility and/or family members;
- The child and/or their representative or Advocate where deemed to be age appropriate;
- The child’s Lead Practitioner and first line manager;
- The Lead Practitioner and first line manager to whom the case will be transferred for cases being transferred in;
- A Police representative;
- Health services staff involved with the child(ren) - e.g. health visitor, school nurse, GP;
- Schools, education welfare officers etc.;
- The Consultant Paediatrician or other senior doctor responsible for any Medical Assessment of the child.
In addition, invitees may include those whose contribution relates to their professional expertise and/or knowledge of the family and/or responsibility for relevant services, and should be limited to those with a need to know or who have a contribution to make to the assessment of the child and family.
These may include:
- Supporter (including Advocate), friend or solicitor (as supporters for the child and parent/carers.
Note: solicitors must comply with the Law Society guidance ‘Attendance of solicitors at local authority Children Act Meetings’ and related Code of Conduct (2011); - Health services involved with parent(s)/carers e.g. specialist doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists;
- Midwifery services where the conference concerns an unborn or new-born child (see Section 10, Pre-Birth Conferences);
- Probation Provider and/or staff in youth justice system where relevant;
- Housing services;
- Mental health (adult or child) services;
- Alcohol and substance misuse services;
- Domestic Violence and Abuse Services;
- Any professional or service provider involved with the children or adults in the family, including foster carers, residential staff and/or Early Years staff;
- A representative of the armed services, where relevant;
- Any other relevant professional or service provider;
- Legal services - if it is anticipated that legal advice will be required;
- The Children’s Guardian and the child’s solicitor where there are current court proceedings.
A professional observer can only attend with the prior consent of the Conference Chair and the family, and must not take part in discussions or decision-making. There will only be one observer at any conference. It is the responsibility of the professional requesting the attendance of the observer to seek the permission of the family at least one day before the conference.
Professionals who are invited but unable to attend for unavoidable reasons should:
- Arrange wherever possible for another agency representative to attend;
- Inform the Conference Administrator and Conference Chair;
- Submit a written report in the agreed format with copies - see Section 13.2, Other Agency Reports to Conferences.
The time of day at which a conference is convened should be determined to facilitate attendance of the family and key contributors.
The primary principle for determining a quorum is that there should be sufficient agencies present to enable safe decisions to be made in the individual circumstances.
Normally, minimum representation is the Lead Practitioner and at least two other professional disciplines which have had direct contact with the child and family.
Where a conference is inquorate it should not ordinarily proceed and in such circumstances the Conference Chair must ensure that either:
- An interim plan is produced; or
- The existing plan is reviewed with the professionals and family members that do attend, in order to safeguard the welfare of the child(ren);
- Another conference date must be set immediately.
The decision to proceed with a case conference where quoracy is not met will be made by the Chair of the Conference following discussion with their Team Manager.
The decision to progress with a conference may be made where:
- The age of the child (pre-school or over 16 years old) limits the number of relevant agency contacts;
- There is an urgent need to safeguard a child.
When the Chair makes the decision to proceed with a meeting which is inquorate, they must ensure that the decision to proceed and the reason why this decision was reached are included in the record of the meeting. The Chair will need to be satisfied that sufficient information will be available at conference to make an informed decision.
The Chair must ensure that parents and children invited to attend the meeting are made fully aware of the implications of agreeing to an inquorate meeting proceeding. It must also be stressed that any decision reached is only a provisional one (unless it is due to the limited number of professionals working with the family and child) and that, following post-conference consultation, the decision will either be confirmed or a decision will be made for the conference to be reconvened.
If an agency representative has sent apologies but provided a report for conference, the Chair will ensure that this information is made available to conference members. If an agency representative who was unable to attend the meeting has not sent a report, a conference decision will be made requesting a post conference report be provided so that this can be attached to the record of the meeting.
The Chair must clearly state that in such circumstances any decision reached can only be a provisional one.
Leaflets for parents are available locally.
All parents and persons with Parental Responsibility must be invited to conferences (unless there are exceptional circumstances and exclusion is justified as described below). Parents will be encouraged to contribute to conferences; usually by attending, unless it is likely to prejudice the welfare of the child.
See Section 8, Criteria for Excluding Parents or Restricting their Participation.
The Lead Practitioner must facilitate the constructive involvement of the parents by ensuring in advance of the conference that they are given sufficient information and practical support to make a meaningful contribution, including providing them with a copy of the Conference report (see Section 11.2, Lead Practitioner's Report to Conference).
Where possible all reports to Conference should be shared with the parent, persons with parental responsibility, and the child (where appropriate) prior to the date of the conference to enable their understanding and ability to discuss with advocate, contribute and challenge if required.
Invitations for the parent(s) to attend the conference should be conveyed verbally by the Lead Practitioner and will be confirmed in writing by the Safeguarding Unit.
The Lead Practitioner must explain to parents/carers the purpose of the meeting, who will attend, the way in which it will operate, the purpose and meaning if their child is deemed to require a Child Protection Plan and the complaints process.
Provision should be made to ensure that visually or hearing impaired or otherwise disabled parents/carers are enabled to participate, including whether they need assistance with transport to enable their attendance.
Preparation should also include consideration of childcare arrangements to enable the attendance of parents.
Those for whom English is not a first language must be offered and provided with an interpreter, if required. A family member should not be expected to act as an interpreter of spoken or signed language.
The parents should be provided with a copy of the relevant leaflet which includes information regarding the right to bring a friend, supporter (including an advocate) or solicitor (in the role of supporter), details of any local advice and advocacy services and the Complaints About Child Protection Conferences Procedure.
If parents do not wish to attend the conference they must be provided with full opportunities to contribute their views. The Lead Practitioner must facilitate this by:
- The use of an advocate or supporter to attend on behalf of the parent (subject to the Conference Chairs agreement);
- Enabling the parent to write, or tape, or use drawings to represent their views;
- Meeting the Conference Chair prior to conference;
- Agreeing that the Lead Practitioner, or any other professional, expresses their views.
In the exceptional circumstances where it may be necessary to exclude one or more family members from part or all of a conference the request to exclude or restrict a parent's participation should be discussed with the Conference Chair and confirmed in writing if possible at least 3 days in advance.
The agency concerned must indicate which of the grounds it believes is met and the information or evidence the request is based on. The Conference Chair must consider the representation carefully and may need legal advice before coming to a decision.
The decision should be made according to the following criteria and having regard to the best interests of the child:
- Indications that the presence of the parent may seriously prejudice the welfare of the child, for example where information shared could further victimise the child or increase the child’s vulnerability to further abuse;
- Sufficient evidence that a parent/carer may behave in such a way as to disrupt the conference such as violence, threats of violence, racist, or other forms of discriminatory or oppressive behaviour or being in an unfit state e.g. through drug, alcohol consumption or acute mental health difficulty (but in their absence a friend or advocate may represent them at the conference);
- A child requests that the parent/person with Parental Responsibility or carer is not present while they are present;
- The need (agreed in advance with the Conference Chair) for members to receive confidential information that would otherwise be unavailable, such as legal advice or information about a third party or criminal investigation;
- Conflicts between different family members who may not be able to attend at the same time e.g. in situations of domestic violence and abuse;
- It is necessary to present information to the conference which, if shared with certain family members, might increase the risk to the child;
- Attendance by a known, alleged or suspected perpetrator may threaten or otherwise place the child at risk;
- Their presence may prejudice any legal proceedings or Police investigation, for example because they have yet to be interviewed or because bail conditions restrict their attendance or because they are the subject of other legal restrictions;
- There is a serious threat of violence toward any person at the conference.
Exclusion at one conference is not reason enough in itself for exclusion at further conferences.
The possibility that the parent may be prosecuted for an offence against a child is not in itself a reason for exclusion although in these circumstances the Conference Chair may take advice from the Police and, if criminal proceedings have been initiated, the Crown Prosecution Service, about the implications arising from an alleged perpetrator's attendance.
If the Conference Chair makes a decision to exclude or restrict the participation of a parent, the decision should be communicated to the following people:
- The person making the request;
- All other professionals invited to the meeting;
- The parent concerned (in writing) – unless a decision is made that they should not be informed at all of the conference (see below).
The letter to the parent must be signed by the Conference Chair and set out:
- The reason for exclusion or restriction;
- An explanation of any other methods the parents have open to them to ensure their views and wishes are considered;
- How the parents will be told the outcome of the conference;
- The complaints procedure.
Any exclusion period should be for the minimum duration necessary and the decision to exclude must be clearly recorded in the conference minutes.
Those excluded should usually be provided with a copy of the reports being provided to the conference and be provided with the opportunity to have their views recorded and presented to the conference.
If, in planning a conference, it becomes clear to the Conference Chair that there may be conflict of interests between the children and parents, the conference should be planned so that the welfare of the child can remain paramount.
This may mean arranging for the child and parents to participate in separate parts of the conference and make separate waiting arrangements.
It may also become clear in the course of a conference, that its effectiveness will be seriously impaired by the presence of the parent(s). In these circumstances, the Conference Chair may ask them to leave.
Where a parent is on bail, or subject to an active police investigation, it is the responsibility of the Conference Chair to ensure that the Police can fully present their information and views and also that the parents participate as fully as circumstances allow.
The decision of the Conference Chair over matters of exclusion is final.
Where a parent/carer attends only part of a conference as a result of exclusion, they will receive the record of the conference. The Conference Chair should decide if the entire record is provided or only that part attended by the excluded parent/carer.
Leaflets for children are available locally.
The child must be kept informed and involved throughout the Section 47 Enquiry and, if their age and level of understanding is sufficient, should be invited to contribute to the conference; which can include attendance. In practice, the appropriateness of enabling an individual child to attend must be assessed in advance and relevant arrangements made to facilitate attendance at all or part of the conference.
A decision about whether to invite the child should be made in advance of the conference by the Lead Practitioner in consultation with the Conference Chair, their manager and any other relevant professional, including the child’s independent advocate where relevant.
The key considerations are:
- Does the child have sufficient understanding of the process?
- Have they expressed an explicit or implicit wish to be involved?
- What are the parents’ views about the child’s proposed presence?
- Is inclusion assessed to be of benefit to the child?
- Will the conference be able to fulfil its aims of protecting the child if the child is present?
The test of ‘sufficient understanding’, is partly a function of age and partly the child’s capacity to understand. A guiding principle is that usually a child under 10 should not be invited.
In order to establish their wish with respect to attendance, the child must be first provided with a full and clear explanation of the purpose, conduct, membership of the conference and potential provision of an independent advocate - see Section 9.5, The Child's Independent Advocate.
Written information translated into the appropriate language should be provided to children able to read and an alternative medium e.g. tape, offered to those who cannot read.
A declared wish not to attend a conference (having been given such an explanation) must be respected.
Where there is a conflict between the wishes of the child and the views of the parents, the child’s interests should be the priority.
Consideration must be given to the impact of the conference on the child. Where it will be impossible to ensure they are kept apart from a parent who may be hostile and/or attribute responsibility onto them, separate attendance should be considered.
The decision of the Conference Chair should be recorded, with reasons.
If it is decided that the child should not attend or to restrict participation, every effort should be made by the Lead Practitioner to obtain and present the views and wishes of the child, which can include:
- A submission by letter, email, text message, a picture, an audio or video tape - prepared alone or with support;
- The child’s independent advocate (see Section 9.6, Support to the Child After the Conference) or other professional speaking on the child’s behalf (for example, a person with specialist skills or knowledge);
- The child meeting the Conference Chair before the conference to share their views;
- The child attending to observe rather than to contribute themself.
If the decision is that the child is to attend the conference, then the Lead Practitioner should:
- Identify and agree a supporter/independent advocate with the child (see Section 9.6, Support to the Child After the Conference);
- Ensure that the child has an opportunity to discuss any concerns that they may have about attendance;
- Explain to the child who will be at the conference, their roles and responsibilities in the meeting, the information likely to be discussed and the possible outcomes;
- Decide with the child the extent to which they wish to participate and how their wishes and views will be presented;
- Share and discuss the content of the social work report for the Conference.
If the child is attending the Conference it is the responsibility of the Conference Chair (see also Section 14, Responsibilities of the Conference Chair) to:
- Clarify with the Lead Practitioner what information will be available to the child both before and during the conference;
- Meet with the child and independent advocate/supporter prior to the conference and meet separately from the parents if required;
- Ensure that the child has sufficient support to present their wishes and views during the conference;
- Monitor the child’s welfare throughout the conference, and arrange for them to have a break if necessary;
- Ensure that the child is informed of the decisions and recommendations of the conference;
- Write personally to the child to confirm the decision and recommendations;
- Ensure that the conference record adequately reflects the child’s contribution.
If the child is attending the conference, it is the responsibility of all professionals to:
- Make it clear which parts of the report can be shared with the child;
- Use language that is understandable to both the child and their family;
- Discuss with the Lead Practitioner any potential difficulties arising from the child’s participation.
It is essential that planning takes place prior to the conference to ensure that the practical arrangements are suitable. The Lead Practitioner should in discussion with the Conference Chair:
- Identify a venue where the child will feel comfortable;
- Identify and meet any special needs;
- Arrange the timing of the conference to minimise disruption to the child’s normal routine;
- Ensure that adequate time is available before the start for the child and their independent advocate to meet with the Conference Chair.
The Lead Practitioner should inform the child about any advocacy service and help them to make contact if they wish to contact the service themselves.
When a conference is being convened, a referral for an independent advocacy service may be made by the Lead Practitioner in relation to any eligible child, subject to the child’s consent. The advocate should only be given information which is available to the child.
Where access to the advocacy service is denied, this should be discussed with the Conference Chair in advance of the conference. Where this is because of the lack of parental consent, this should be included in the Lead Practitioners assessment report to the conference.
The advocate will attend the conference with the child, subject to the child’s consent. The advocate will not be present for any part of the conference where information is presented which will not be made available to the child.
The advocate should ensure that immediately after the conference the child has an opportunity to discuss what happened during the conference, the decisions made and, where appropriate the outline child protection plan. If the advocate has concerns about the child these should be discussed immediately with the Lead Practitioner.
The Lead Practitioner should meet with the child as soon as possible after the conference to:
- Feedback and discuss the outcomes of the conference and to allow the child to ask any questions about the decisions made;
- Identify what support they want informally through family, friends and the professional network.
Identify what actions and outcomes the child believes should be included in any plan of intervention. This would include the Child Protection Plan or the Child's Plan.
For additional information see Pre-Birth Assessments Procedure.
A pre-birth conference is an Initial Child Protection Conference concerning an unborn child. Such a conference has the same status and purpose and must be conducted in a comparable manner to an Initial Child Protection Conference.
Pre-birth conferences should be convened following Section 47 Enquiries, where there is evidence that the child is suffering or is likely to suffer Significant Harm and where there is a need to consider if a Child Protection Plan is required.
This decision will usually follow from a pre-birth Assessment and a conference should be held:
- Where a pre-birth assessment gives rise to concerns that an unborn child may be at risk of Significant Harm;
- Where a previous child has died or been seriously injured or been removed from parent(s) as a result of Significant Harm;
- Where a child is to be born into a family or household which already have children who are the subject of a Child Protection Plan;
- Where a person known to pose a risk to children resides in the household or is known to be a regular visitor;
- Other risk factors to be considered are:
- The impact of parental risk factors such as mental ill-health, learning disabilities, substance misuse and domestic abuse;
- A mother under sixteen about whom there are concerns regarding her ability to care for herself and/or to care for the child.
All agencies involved with the expectant mother should consider the need for an early referral to the local Children’s Social Care team so that assessments are undertaken and family support services provided as early as possible in the pregnancy.
The pre-birth conference should take place after the pre-birth assessment, and ideally at least 2 months before the due date of delivery, to allow as much time as possible for planning support for the baby and family.
Where there is a known likelihood of a premature birth, the conference should be held earlier.
The key agencies involved in the delivery of the child must attend the conference. In addition to those who normally attend an initial child protection conference, midwifery, relevant neo-natal and support services must be invited.
Parents or carers should be invited as they would be to other Child Protection Conferences and should be fully involved in plans for the child’s future.
If a decision is made that the unborn child should be made subject to a Child Protection Plan, the main cause for concern must determine the Category of Significant Harm and the Child Protection Plan must be outlined to commence prior to the birth of the baby.
The Core Group must be established and meet within 10 days of the pre-birth conference taking place.
If a decision is made for an unborn child to have a Child Protection Plan, the child’s name (or ‘baby’, if not known) and expected date of delivery should be sent to the Manager of the Safeguarding Unit pending the birth. The Lead Practitioner must then ensure that the name and correct birth date is notified to the Manager following the birth.
If the child is resident outside of the area at birth, the local authority in whose area the child is resident must be advised that the child is in their area and is the subject of a Child Protection Plan.
The first Child Protection Review Conference will be scheduled to take place within three months of the initial conference or within 20 working days after the birth of the baby, whichever is the sooner.
Initial conferences must be convened within a maximum of 15 working days of the last Strategy Discussion. In consultation with the person requesting the conference, the Safeguarding Unit (see Local Contacts) will be responsible for:
- Agreeing the date and time of the conference;
- Sending out invitations to professional representatives, the child and family members as appropriate;
- Ensuring that agencies are informed whether or not the parents have been invited and that they are clear about their responsibilities;
- Consulting with the Conference Chair where there has been a request to exclude or limit the participation of parents or children;
- Collating and presenting to the Conference Chair relevant written contributions where available;
- Making any necessary arrangements as advised by the Lead Practitioner e.g. for trained interpreters to attend;
- Providing with the invitation the Information Leaflet about conferences for children and parents (leaflets are available locally).
N.B. Invitations to attend conferences should contain accurate up-to-date information about the child, family members and significant others.
The Lead Practitioner is responsible for the following:
- Notifying the Safeguarding Unit in sufficient time to enable the conference to be arranged within statutory timescales;
- Ensuring the Safeguarding Unit has the most accurate up-to-date information about the child, family members and significant others*;
- Considering as described in Sections 7, Enabling Parental Participation and Section 9, Enabling Children's Participation above the participation of parents and children in the conference;
- Arranging for the child to attend if appropriate;
- Arranging the parent(s)’ attendance unless a decision is reached to exclude them;
- Preparing the child and parent(s) and informing them about the role, purpose and process of the conference (unless a decision is reached not to inform them). This information should include an explanation of who will be there and why. Parents should be helped to understand their own responsibilities and rights, including the fact that they may wish to invite a supporter who may be their solicitor.
They should be provided with support and advice to help them prepare for and contribute to the conference.
If the child or parents are not invited or do not wish to attend, they should be encouraged to present their contributions in writing or in another form and assisted to do so;
- Establishing whether an interpreter is required and briefing the interpreter as necessary;
- Establishing whether parent(s) or children need assistance, for example, with transport or child care arrangements;
- Completing the Section 47 Enquiry and preparing and presenting a written report to the conference using the relevant pro forma, which should be shared with parents and the child(ren) where appropriate in sufficient time before the conference to enable them to read and understand and share with the advocate if necessary. A copy should also be shared with the conference chair prior to the date of the conference;
- Considering if legal advice is required.
'Significant Others’ - persons who have regular control of, care of and contact with the child who is subject of a child protection case conference, or subject of a child protection plan.
‘Significant Others’ will always be:
- Parents, partners of parents;
- Others living in the same household as the child;
- Ex-partners of parents who are still involved in a child’s life either by visitation/contact or by harassment/domestic violence against the parent;
- Non-registered child minders/babysitters who have regular charge and control of the child;
- Family members/friends where the child frequently visits/stays over without the parent e.g. grandparents;
- Others living in the same household where the child frequently visits and stays over without the parent.
‘Significant Others’ are not:
- Relatives they see on an ad-hoc basis;
- Friends or acquaintances of the parent-unless they become involved in the charge, control and care of the child, or become a partner to the parent.
See also Appendix 1: Greater Manchester Police - Police Check Policy.
The Lead Practitioner should provide to the conference a typed, signed and dated written report, which must be endorsed and counter signed by their manager. The report should include the dates when the child was seen by the Lead Practitioner during the Section 47 Enquiry, if the child was seen alone and if not, who was present and for what reason.
Information about all children in the household must be provided; the report should be clear about which children are the subjects of the conference, and reasons given if any children are not to be subjects.
For an Initial Child Protection Conference, the report should include:
- The concerns leading to the decision to initiate the Section 47 Enquiry, the dates of Strategy Discussions, agency consultations and the outcome of the Enquiry;
- A chronology of significant events and agency and professional contacts with the family;
- Information on the child’s current and past health and developmental needs;
- Information on the capacity of the parents and other family members to ensure that the child is safe from harm, and to respond to the child’s developmental needs, within the wider family and environmental context;
- Information on the family history and both the current and past family functioning – professional judgment should be exercised when including relevant information about third parties, which may identify particular individuals – and the need to keep their identity anonymous should be considered;
- The expressed views, wishes and feelings of the child, parents and other family members; and
- An analysis of the implications of the information gathered to reach a judgement on whether the child is suffering, or likely to suffer, Significant Harm and consider how best to meet their developmental needs. This analysis should address:
- How the child’s strengths and difficulties are impacting on each other;
- How the parenting strengths and difficulties are affecting each other;
- How the family and environmental factors are affecting each other;
- How the parenting that is provided for the child is affecting the child’s health and development both in terms of resilience and protective factors, and vulnerability and risk factors; and
- How the family and environmental factors are impacting on parenting and/or the child directly; and
- An analysis of the implications of the information gathered to reach a judgement on whether the child is suffering, or likely to suffer, Significant Harm and consider how best to meet their developmental needs. This analysis should address:
- The recommendation to the conference.
A pro-forma for reports to conference is available locally.
The report should be provided to parents and older children (to the extent that it is believed to be in their interests) at least 2 working days in advance of the Initial Child Protection Conference to enable any factual inaccuracies to be identified, amended and areas of disagreement noted. Comments or suggestions made by the child/parents as a result of seeing the report must be included or conveyed verbally to the conference.
In exceptional circumstances where confidential information cannot be shared with the child or parent(s) beforehand, the Lead Practitioner should seek guidance from their manager, who may wish to consult the Conference Chair.
Where necessary, the reports should be translated into the relevant language or medium, taking account of the language and any sensory or learning difficulties of the child/parents.
The report should be provided to the Conference Chair at least two working days prior to the Initial Child Protection Conference.
The report will be attached to the minutes for circulation.
All involved practitioners should:
- Work together to safeguard the child from harm in the future, taking timely, effective action according to the plan agreed;
- Attend and present information about their understanding or the child’s needs, parental capacity, family, and environmental factors (including extra-familial contexts) and evidence of how the child has been abused, neglected, or exploited and its impact on their health and development;
- Bring their agency perspective, expertise and challenge and contribute to decisions about actual or likely significant harm and actions to address by contributing to the plan to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child who is the subject of the conference.
Safeguarding partners should:
- Monitor the effectiveness of child protection conference arrangements.
All participants are responsible for the following:
- To make attendance at conferences high priority;
- To make available relevant information in a written report to the conference, which should be shared by Lead Practitioner with parents, carers and the child(ren) ahead of the conference, (see Section 13.2, Other Agency Reports to Conference) and contribute to the discussion, assessment of risk and decision;
- To confirm in advance with the Safeguarding Unit (see Local Contacts) their attendance at the conference or informing the Unit if they are unable to attend;
- To ensure that information to be presented by them at conference is known to, and if possible shared with, the child and parents beforehand;
- To ensure that their contribution is non-discriminatory;
- In exceptional circumstances where confidential information cannot be shared with the child or parent(s) beforehand, to seek guidance from their manager, who may wish to consult the Conference Chair;
- To ensure that information is communicated/translated in the most appropriate way taking account of the language and any sensory or learning difficulties of the child or parents;
- To ensure that they are clear about their role within the conference and the extent to which they have authority to make decisions on behalf of their agency.
All agencies which have participated in a Section 47 Enquiry or have relevant information about the child and/or family members should make this information available to the conference in a written report.
The report should include details of the agency’s involvement with the child and family, and information concerning the agency’s knowledge of the child’s developmental needs, the capacity of the parents to meet the needs of their child within their family and environmental context.
Agency representatives attending conferences should confer with their colleagues before preparing their contribution to a conference, to make sure it contains all relevant and available information and, where a written report is prepared, bring sufficient copies of the report (legible and signed) to the conference.
The reports must make it clear which child(ren) are the subject of the conference, but address any known circumstances of all children in the household.
Where possible, the reports should be shared with the parents and the child (if old enough) before the conference, in the same way as described for Lead Practitioners, at least two working days in advance of the conference.
Such reports should also be made available to the Conference Chair, where possible, at least two working days in advance of the conference.
Where agency representatives are unable to attend the conference, they must ensure that their report is made available to the conference, preferably in writing, through the local Safeguarding Unit. Apologies should be noted in the conference minutes and a reason for non-attendance. Where possible, a colleague should attend in their place.
The conference chair:
- Is accountable to the Director of Children’s Services, where possible the same person should chair subsequent child protection reviews;
- Should be a practitioner, independent of operational and/or line management responsibilities for the case;
- Should meet the child and parents in advance to ensure they understand the issues, the purpose, the process, and possible outcomes of the conference;
- Should be prepared to answer questions openly;
- Should approach the work with parents and carers in line with the principles set out in chapter 1 of the guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children;
- Should consider whether members of the family network should attend and participate in the conference;
- Should ensure all participants are encouraged to contribute views independently.
The Conference Chair must ensure that, in addition to the Lead Practitioner, at least two professional disciplines are represented at the conference unless agreed otherwise - see quorum for conference in Section 6, Quorum.
The Conference Chair is responsible for ensuring that conferences are conducted in line with these procedures and in an anti-discriminatory manner, ensuring that everyone uses unambiguous respectful language.
The responsibilities of the Conference Chair in relation to decision-making about enabling/restricting parents’ and children’s participation are set out in Sections 7, Enabling Parental Participation and Section 9, Enabling Children's Participation.
Prior to the conference, the Conference Chair should meet with the child, parents and any advocate(s) to ensure that they understand the purpose of the conference and how it will be conducted. This may, where the potential for conflict exists, involve separate meetings with the different parties. Generally, meetings between the Conference Chair and family members and children, where appropriate, should take place 15 minutes or more before the conference formal starting time.
Explicit consideration should be given to the potential of conflict between family members and possible need for children or adults to speak without other family members present.
The level and manner of any supporters’ involvement in the conference will be negotiated beforehand with the Conference Chair. Supporters may seek clarification of information given by a conference member through the Conference Chair, but they will not be allowed to question conference members directly.
At the start of the conference the Conference Chair will:
- Set out the purpose of the conference;
- Confirm the agenda;
- Emphasise the confidential nature of the meeting;
- Address equal opportunities issues e.g. specifying that racist, homophobic and threatening behaviour will not be tolerated;
- Facilitate introductions;
- Clarify the contributions of those present, including supporters of the family.
If the parent(s) or the child brings an advocate/supporter, the Conference Chair will need to clarify the advocate/supporter’s role, ensuring that any solicitor who attends in this role is clear that they may support parent(s), clarify information but may not cross-examine any contributor.
The Conference Chair will ensure that:
- Parents are given a reasonable opportunity to:
- Understand the purpose of the meeting and the role of all agencies involved in the protection of their children;
- Consider and respond to any information or opinions expressed by other participants;
- Contribute as fully as possible to the assessment and planning process;
- Play a part in helping to safeguard and promote their children’s welfare.
- The conference maintains a focus on the welfare of the child(ren);
- Consideration is given to the welfare and safety of all children in the household and within the family network;
- All relevant people, including the subject child(ren) and parents, have been given appropriate opportunities to make a full contribution and that full consideration is given to the information they present;
- Reports of those not present are made known to parties;
- The wishes and feelings of the child(ren) are clearly outlined;
- Needs arising from the child’s gender identity and any disabilities, as well as those arising from the child’s racial, cultural, linguistic or religious background are fully considered and accounted for when making decisions or developing plans;
- Appropriate arrangements are made to receive third party confidential information;
- A debate takes place which examines the findings of reports, and risk assessments and analysis is encouraged, all options are considered and that the conference reaches decisions in an informed and non-discriminatory way;
- All concerned are advised/reminded of the complaints procedure;
- Where a decision has been taken to exclude or restrict the level of parental or child participation, arrangements are made with the Lead Practitioner for absent parents or carers to be informed of the decisions of conferences.
The conference should examine the following questions when determining whether the child should be subject to a Child Protection Plan.
Has the child suffered Significant Harm? And is the child likely to suffer Significant Harm?
The test for the likelihood of the child suffering Significant Harm in the future should be either that:
- The child is shown to have suffered ill-treatment or impairment of health or development as a result of physical, emotional or sexual abuse or neglect, and professional judgement is that further ill-treatment or impairment are likely; or
- Professional judgement, substantiated by finding of enquiries in this individual case or by research evidence, is that the child is likely to suffer ill treatment or the impairment of health or development as a result of physical, emotional or sexual abuse or neglect.
If the child is at continuing risk of Significant Harm, it will therefore be the case that safeguarding the child requires inter-agency help and intervention delivered through a Child Protection Plan.
The Conference Chair must ensure that the decision about the need for a Child Protection Plan takes account of the views of all agencies represented at the conference and also takes into account any written contributions that have been made. This discussion will normally take place with the parents/carers present.
The decision will be taken by professionals attending the conference, i.e. those eligible to be counted for the purposes of establishing a quorum (see Section 6, Quorum); for example, this will not include the child, parents, carers, supporters although they may be asked to comment on the strengths, concerns, risks, future plans and protection.
Where there is no consensus, the decision will normally be made by a simple majority. Where a majority decision cannot be reached, the Conference Chair will make the decision.
The Conference Chair must ensure that all members of the conference are clear about the conclusions reached, the decision taken and recommendations made, and that the conference minutes accurately reflect the discussions, the decision and, where relevant, the reasons for the Conference Chair exercising their decision-making powers.
Any dissent by professionals at the conference must be recorded in the conference minutes (see also Section 15, Dissent from the Conference Decision).
If parents/carers disagree with the decision, this also must be recorded in the minutes and the Conference Chair must discuss the issue with them and explain their right to and the process for challenge – see Complaints About Child Protection Conferences Procedure.
Where a child has suffered, or is likely to suffer, Significant Harm in the future it is the local authority’s duty to consider the evidence and decide what, if any, legal action to take. The information presented to the Child Protection Conference should inform that decision-making process but it is for the local authority to consider whether it should initiate, for example, Care Proceedings. Where a child who is the subject of a Child Protection Plan becomes Looked After, the Child Protection Plan should form part of the child’s Care Plan.
In order for the conference to reach well-informed decisions based on evidence, it needs adequate information on the child/ren’s needs and circumstances by all agencies who have had significant involvement with the child and family. In very exceptional circumstances it may become evident during the conference that significant information is absent so an informed decision cannot be reached, e.g. where Medical/Police reports are still pending. A deferred decision may be the best outcome. In such circumstances the conference must be reconvened as soon as possible and within 15 working days from the original conference date. A robust interim safeguarding plan must be in place.
Note: in Rochdale, see Conference Chair Role and Responsibilities.
In Oldham, see Oldham Child Protection Chair Roles and Responsibilities Protocol.
If the decision is that the child is at continuing risk of Significant Harm and is therefore in need of a Child Protection Plan, the Conference Chair should determine the category of significant harm which the child has suffered or is at risk of suffering.
The category used must indicate to those consulting the List of Children Subject to a Child Protection Plan, what the primary presenting concerns were at the time the child was made the subject of a Child Protection Plan.
The need for a Child Protection Plan should be considered separately in respect of each child in the family or household.
Where a decision is reached that a child needs to be the subject of a Child Protection Plan, the Conference Chair must ensure that:
- A Child Protection Plan is outlined and clearly understood by all concerned including the parents and where appropriate, the child; and the outline plan sets out what needs to change in order to safeguard the child;
- A Lead Practitioner (i.e. a qualified social worker) is appointed to develop, coordinate and implement the Child Protection Plan (if this is not possible, the relevant manager should be the point of contact) and makes arrangements for the times and dates of Core Group meetings, including the first Core Group meeting within 10 working days of the Initial Child Protection Conference;
- The membership of a Core Group of professionals and family members is identified, who will develop, implement and progress the Child Protection Plan as a detailed working tool including the frequency of direct contact with the child;
- It is established how children, parents and wider family members should be involved in the ongoing assessment, planning and implementation process, and the support, advice and advocacy available to them;
- Any further action required to complete the Assessment is outlined and any other specialist assessments of the child and family identified, which are required to make sound judgements on how best to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child;
- A contingency plan is in place if agreed actions are not completed and/or circumstances change, for example if a carer fails to achieve what has been agreed, a court application is not successful or a parent removes the child from Accommodation;
- The parents and child know the name of the Lead Practitioner and Core Group members;
- The parents/carers and child(ren) are advised of their right to invoke the appeals and complaints procedure and their right to challenge the decisions made by those present at the conference;
- The decisions and recommendations of the conference have been recorded in a clear manner;
- A date is set for the Child Protection Review Conference, and under what circumstances it might be necessary to convene the conference before that date.
The Conference Chair must also ensure that the Manager of the Safeguarding Unit is informed of the decision to place the child’s details on the List of Children with a Child Protection Plan.
A child may not be the subject of a Child Protection Plan, but they may nonetheless require services to promote their health or development. In these circumstances, the conference, together with the family, should consider the child’s needs and what further help would assist the family in responding to them. Subject to the family’s views and consent, it may be appropriate to continue with and complete an Assessment of the child’s needs to help determine what support might best help promote the child’s welfare. Where the child’s needs are complex, inter agency working will continue to be important. Where appropriate, the conference may recommend that a Child in Need Plan should be drawn up and a team around the family approach be adopted.
In cases where there is disagreement regarding the threshold for significant harm being met or not being met (see Section 14.4, The Decision Making Process), the Conference Chair will attempt to facilitate the conference to reach a consensus by drawing the conference members’ attention to the threshold and considering this in the light of the information which has been shared and the child’s assessed needs.
Section 14.4, The Decision Making Process sets out the decision-making powers of the Conference Chair where there is no consensus.
If an agency does not agree with a decision or recommendation made at a conference, the dissent will be recorded in the minutes of the conference.
If a professional concludes that a conference decision places a child at risk, they must seek advice from their Designated Professional or Named Professional or manager.
Where the issue is not resolved, the agency may consider taking action under the Resolving Professional Differences/Escalation Policy.
If parents/carers disagree with the conference decision, the Conference Chair must further discuss their concerns and explain their rights to challenge under the Complaints About Child Protection Conferences Procedure.
The record of the conference is a crucial working document for all relevant professionals and the family.
All conferences will be minuted by administrative staff whose sole task within the conference is to provide a written record of proceedings in a consistent format. The Conference Chair is responsible for ensuring that the minutes accurately reflect the discussion held and decisions and recommendations made.
Conference minutes should include:
- Name, date of birth, ethnicity and address of the subject(s) of the conference, parents/carers and other children and adults in the household;
- Who was invited, who attended the conference and who submitted their apologies;
- Who was present during the confidential slot of the conference;
- The reason for the conference;
- A list of written reports available to conference and whether open to parents or not;
- A summary of the information shared and discussion. N.B. This will not include information shown within the confidential slot of the conference, which will be recorded separately;
- Views and wishes of each child;
- Views of parents/carers;
- Opinions of agencies on risk and whether the threshold for significant harm has been met, requiring the child to be the subject of a Child Protection Plan;
- Decision on the threshold for significant harm and whether a Child Protection Plan is required, with information outlining the reasons, including the category of Significant Harm;
- The outline Child Protection Plan;
- Name of Lead Practitioner if the child has a Child Protection Plan;
- Members of the Core Group if the child has a Child Protection Plan;
- Date of first Child Protection Review Conference.
The decision of the conference and, if the child is subject to a Child Protection Plan, details of the category of significant harm, the name of the Lead Practitioner and Core Group membership should be recorded and circulated to all those invited to attend the conference within one working day.
If the child is subject to a Child in Need Plan, then the decision of the Conference and name of the Lead Professional should be recorded and circulated as above.
The minutes of the conference, signed by the Conference Chair, will be sent to all professionals who attended or were invited and to relevant family members as soon as possible after the Conference.
Copies of the minutes should be given to the parents, child (if old enough) and the child’s advocate by the Lead Practitioner where appropriate.
Where parents and/or the child(ren) have a sensory disability or where English is not their first language, steps must be taken to ensure that they can understand and make full use of the minutes.
Where a parent or child has been fully excluded from the conference, the decision on what information they should receive will be taken by the Conference Chair in consultation with other conference members.
Where a supporter, solicitor, other family member or observer has attended a conference, the minutes will not be distributed to them unless they have a role in the Child Protection Plan and the conference agrees it appropriate.
Where a child has attended a Child Protection Conference, the Lead Practitioner must arrange to see them and arrange to discuss relevant sections of the minutes.
Conference minutes are confidential and should not be passed to third parties without the consent of the Conference Chair and/or Lead Practitioner, or by a Court Order.
Where there are ongoing criminal proceedings, there should be consultation between the Police and the Crown Prosecution Service in relation to the sharing of the minutes.
The recipient agencies and professionals should retain the minutes of the Child Protection Conference in a manner which ensures their confidentiality and in accordance with their agencies record retention policy. Agencies should determine who it is appropriate to be given access to the minutes - usually this will be restricted to relevant staff, their manager and any person who has a role in the Child Protection Plan.
Subsequent requests for access to the minutes by professionals who do not have a legal or direct role in the case should be referred to the Manager of the Safeguarding Unit or the Conference Chair.
Children (if of sufficient age and understanding) and/or parents on their behalf may have the right of access to their records held by Children’s Social Care. Access can be refused if it is likely to result in serious harm to some-one or on other limited grounds, but where the criteria for refusal do not apply, the Safeguarding Unit (see Local Contacts) will release the open access sections of the conference minutes without any further checks with professional colleagues. The information shared within the confidential slot of the conference will not be released without full consultation with all parties and any disclosure will be in line with Data Protection legislation.
See also Electronic and Digital Recording of Meetings and Conversations Procedure.
Last Updated: December 4, 2024
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